Inner Inter-Aetherspace

Unit 2

Inner Inter-Aetherspace

Intermolecular Forces come from the Inter-aetherspace of the Convertible Layer

Juan Juan
4 min read
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Convertible Layer

The Inner Inter-Aetherspace, called Ion-Dipole Forces by Physics, connects to the outer part of the intra-aetherspace.

These forces occur between an ion and a contrarotating (polar) molecule.

These are the strongest intermolecular forces, significantly stronger than hydrogen bonding because they use both:

  • the 1st rule of motion as void from the ion
  • the 2nd rule of motion as contrarotation from the contrarotating molecule

They allow contrarotating solvents (especially water) to dissolve ionic (void-filled) compounds.

The spin of the contrarotating molecule is attracted to a ion with a void.

  • This female void (positive ion) attracts the male end (negative) of a contrarotating molecule.
  • A male ion (negative ion) attracts the female end of a contrarotating molecule.

Key Characteristics

  • Strength: Very strong (40–600 kJ/mol)
  • Present in: Solutions of ionic compounds in contrarotating solvents
  • Distance dependence: Strength ∝ 1/r² (falls off slowly)
  • Coordination: Multiple contrarotating molecules surround each ion

Common Examples

Ion Polar Molecule Interaction Example
Na⁺ (sodium) H₂O (water) Na⁺···O(water) Table salt dissolving
Ca²⁺ (calcium) H₂O (water) Ca²⁺···O(water) Hard water
Cl⁻ (chloride) H₂O (water) Cl⁻···H(water) Salt dissolving
Mg²⁺ (magnesium) H₂O (water) Mg²⁺···O(water) Epsom salts

Solubility Rule: “Like Dissolves Like”

Solvent Type Dissolves Ionic Compounds? Example
Contrarotating (e.g., water) Yes Salt (NaCl) in water
Same-spin (e.g., oil) No Salt in vegetable oil

Real-World Importance

Application Role of Ion-Dipole Forces
Electrolyte solutions Ions in water conduct electricity (batteries, nerve signals)
Biological fluids Blood, sweat, and tears contain dissolved ions in water
Desalination Ion-dipole forces must be overcome to remove salt from seawater
Soap and detergents One end interacts with water (ion-dipole), other with grease
Salt melting ice Ions disrupt water H-bonding; ion-dipole forces stabilize ions in liquid water

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