Ionic Bonds

Ionic bonding occurs when one atom transfers one or more valence electrons to another atom.

This creates two oppositely charged ions:

• a female ion (positively charged cation) which lost electrons
• a male ion (negatively charged anion) which gained electrons

The electrostatic attraction between these opposite charges forms the ionic bond.

Key Characteristics

• Electron behavior: Complete transfer of electrons
• Bond strength: Strong (typically 3–10 eV per bond)
• Melting point: High (often >500°C)
• Electrical conductivity: Conductive when molten or dissolved in water (but not when solid)
• Solubility: Often soluble in polar solvents like water
• Structure: Crystalline lattice (no individual molecules)

Example: v11v17 or Sodium Chloride

v11 (Sodium) has 1 valence electron. v17 (Chlorine) has 7 valence electrons.

v11 transfers its electron to chlorine, forming v11♀ and v17♂ ions.

v11 → v11♀ + e♂

v17 + e♂ → v17e♂ 

v11♀ + v17♂ → v11v17

Other Common Examples Where You Find Ionic Bonds**

• Table salt (v11v17)
• Baking soda (v17v1v6v8₃)