Intermolecular Forces

In Material Superphysics, which is based on Descartes’ Physics, Intermolecular Forces are caused by the Inter-aetherspace which is the Convertible Layer of the Micro-Aethersace (atomic space).

These are weak attractions such as hydrogen bonds that keep molecules together.

London Dispersion Forces

This is the weakest type, but very important in nonpolar substances (e.g., liquid O₂, noble gases).

Dipole–Dipole Forces

Between molecules that have permanent dipoles (polar molecules). Example: HCl–HCl

An example is hydrogen bonds.

Ion-Dipole

This is between an ion and a polar molecule.

Example: Na⁺ ions interacting with water molecules in saltwater.