These manifest as strong chemical bonds leading to specific chemical behavior such as acid-base reactions.
| Sublayer | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Upper | Ionic | between metal and nonmetal |
| Mid | Covalent | Polar and nonpolar |
| Lower | Metallic | Gives Metals their characteristics |
Atomic Gravity instead of Electronegativity
Atomic gravity is from the virtual space particles that pushes lesser atomic masses towards larger ones.
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