Trade Model

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The Fourth Law of Value

• Market Price
  • Law 4
    • The 4th Law of Value Market Price and Competition
    • Market Price
  • Choice
    • Free Choice
    • Benefits of Free Choice
    • Monopoly and Cartel
• Core Concepts
  • Exchange
    • Trade
    • Three Modes of Exchange or Tools of Trade
    • Circulating Capital
  • Barter Trade
    • Barter Trade
    • 7 Barter Disadvantages Addressed
  • Money
    • Money
    • The Time Value of Money
    • The 3 Problems with Money
    • Monied People
• Revenue
  • Profits
  • Secondary Arbitrage
  • Profit Maximization and the Cycle of Poverty
  • The Fallacy of Liquidity Preference
• Dynamics
  • Local Trade
    • Wholesale Trade
    • Retail Trade
    • Ecommerce and XCommerce: Last Mile
  • Logistics
    • Logistics
  • World Trade
    • World Trade
    • Import Substitution versus Export Promotion
• Systems
  • The Stock Exchange
  • The Financial System and the Barter System
  • Government Bonds and Bond yields
• Trade Model
  • Physical Circulation
  • Trade Model
  • Trade Model
• Trade Ratios
  • Trade Ratios
    • Trade Ratios
  • Logistics Ratios
    • Logistics Ratios
    • The GIt Ratio
    • The GXt Ratio
    • Barter Credit Ratios
  • Logistics Efficiency
    • Logistics Efficiency
  • Finance Ratios
    • Financial Trade Ratios
    • The GR Ratio and Interest Rates
    • The GN Ratio
    • The Currency Ratio
    • The GD Ratio
  • Finance Efficiency
    • The Circular Flow of Economics vs Supereconomics
• Trade Problems
  • Problems in Trade
  • Undercirculation
    • How Profit Maximization Led to the Great Depression
  • Overcirculation
    • Microfinance: low G high R
    • Universal Basic Income: low G high N
    • Financial Crises: The Asian Crisis low G high D
    • Financial Crises: The 2008 Financial Crisis
• Solutions
  • Multilateral Clearing
  • Solutions to Undertrading
    • The Great Depression
  • Solutions to Overtrading
• Trader Economic Systems
  • Guilds and Mercantilism
    • Guilds
    • Mercantilism
  • Capitalism
    • Capitalism
  • Neoclassical Macroeconomics
  • Liberalism

Table of Contents

The Trade model the proper circulation of goods and services. This is divided into financial circulation and physical circulation.

Financial Circulation

Physical Circulation

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