The Human Rights Code

9: Inherent Rights and Liberty

• Right to Life, Liberty, and Personal Security
• Right to Human Dignity and Bodily Integrity

10: Civil and Political Rights

• The Right to Vote and Participate in Public Affairs (Universal Suffrage)
• Prohibition of Torture, Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment
• Liberty of Movement and the Right to Travel

11: Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights

• Right to Work, Just Conditions, and a Living Wage
• Right to Adequate Housing, Food, and Continuous Improvement of Living Standards

12: Rights of Vulnerable Populations

• Women’s Rights and Anti-Discrimination Acts (Anti-Catcalling, Gender Equality in the Workplace)
• Children’s Rights and Juvenile Justice System
• Indigenous Peoples’ Rights to Ancestral Domain and Cultural Integrity
• Rights of Persons with Disabilities

13: Accountability and Remedies

• Writs of Amparo, Habeas Data, and Habeas Corpus
• Mandatory Human Rights Impact Assessments
• Establishment and Jurisdiction of the National Human Rights Institution

14: Preliminary Provisions and Conflict of Laws

• Effectivity of Laws, Ignorance of the Law, and Retroactivity
• Rules on Personal Law vs. Territorial Law (Nationality Principle, Lex Rei Sitae)

15: Persons and Family Relations

• Civil Personality: Birth, Presumptive Death, and Absence
• Marriage: Requisites, Void and Voidable Marriages, Annulment vs. Declaration of Nullity
• Divorce, Legal Separation, and Dissolution of Property Regimes
• Support and Parental Authority (Surname, Custody, Legitimacy)

16: Property Law

• Classification of Property: Movable/Immovable and Public/Private Domain
• Ownership and Nuisance: Accession, Hidden Treasure, Easements
• Co-ownership: Partition and Rights of First Refusal
• Quieting of Title and Accion Publiciana/Reivindicatoria

17: Wills and Succession

• Testamentary vs. Intestate Succession
• Notarial Wills vs. Holographic Wills
• Legitime (Compulsory Heirs) and Rights of Surviving Spouse
• Disinheritance: Causes and Formal Requirements

18: Obligations and Contracts

• Sources of Obligations: Law, Quasi-Contract, Delict, and Quasi-Delict
• Essential Requisites of Contracts: Consent, Object, and Cause
• Defective Contracts: Rescissible, Voidable, Unenforceable, and Void
• Specific Contracts: Sale, Lease, Agency, Loan, Deposit, Mortgage, and Antichresis