The Second Action of Air-Aether: Gravity

The Second Action Called Gravity

[4.020] The motion of the air-aether that makes droplets round also makes planets round.

This phenomenon is the gravity of terrestrial bodies.

• This is caused by these globules moving indiscriminately in all directions.

• This makes them uniformly press all particles of the Earth towards its center, making the Earth round.
• This pressing motion is impeded by the resistance of the Earth’s mass.
  • This in turn pushes all the Earth’s parts towards the center.

All Particles of the Earth, if Considered Alone, are Light, Not Heavy

[4.021] A vacuum contains nothing that can impede or assist the motions of other bodies.

Assuming that:

• all the spaces around the Earth not occupied by the air-aether were a vacuum
• the Earth rotates around its axis for 24 hours with its own motion so that all its parts not very firmly connected to each other would leap towards the sky from time to time, just as sand thrown in a whirlwind will immediately disperse in all directions.

Then the Earth should be considered light, not heavy.

Where Does the Lightness of the Air-Aether Come From?

[4.022] In reality:

• there is no vacuum
• the Earth rotates by the surrounding air-aether by permeating it entirely and passing through all its pores

The air-aether has no force of gravity or anti-gravity as long as it totally agrees in the motion that carries the Earth.

But in reality, they are hindered from their straight-line paths by their impact with the Earth.

How All Parts Of The Earth Are Pushed Downwards By the Air-Aether to Become Heavy

[4.023] The particles of air-aether move in many different motions at the same time. But all their actions converge so as to stand in perfect equilibrium, opposing each other.

The mass of Earth hinders their motions by obstruction. This makes them tend equally in all directions to recede from the Earth and its center.

Each part of air-aether matter cannot exert its force to move away from the Earth unless, as they ascend, some terrestrial parts are depressed and propelled downward to take their place.

All the spaces around the Earth are occupied either by particles of the earth-aether or the air-aether.

All globules of this air-aether have an equal tendency to move away from it, individually, they do not have the force to push others of their kind from their places.

However, when such a tendency is not as strong in the particles of earth-aether, whenever some of them are above others, they must exert this force on those below.

Thus, the gravity of each terrestrial body is not caused by the surrounding air-aether. It is caused by the air-aether which moves up to replace the position of the descending body.

Consequently, it is equal to it in magnitude.

For example, let B be a terrestrial body existing in the middle of the air, consisting of several particles of the earth-aether equal in mass to the air surrounding it. Therefore, it has fewer or narrower pores that has the air-aether.

If this body B descends towards I, an equal mass of physical air will ascend to its place.

And since there is some air-aether opposing an equal quantity of similar air-aether contained in the physical air, that opposing air-aether renders the air-aether in the physical air idle.

Likewise, there are some terrestrial parts in the physical air that oppose the other terrestrial parts of body B. These terrestrial parts in the physical air do nothing to the terrestrial parts in body B.

However, subtracting these from both sides, the remaining air-aether in this physical air acts on the remaining terrestrial parts of body B. This is what gravity is.

How much gravity does a Body Have?

[4.024] There is also some air-aether in the channels of body B.

This air-aether is opposed to air-aether in the physical air, rendering the air-aether in the channels idle.

Likewise, there are some terrestrial parts in the air mass that oppose other terrestrial parts of body B.

They do nothing to them.

Subtracting these from both sides, the remaining air-aether in this air mass acts on the remaining terrestrial parts of body B.

In this alone, its gravity consists.

The Quantity of Gravity Does Not Correspond To The Quantity Of Matter In Each Body

[4.025] The air-aether that causes gravity is made up of:

• the air-aether
• the air-aether that is mixed with the fire-aether

Furthermore, it includes those terrestrial particles that, following its course, move faster than others, such as all those composing the air.

The fire-aether, all else being equal, has a greater force to push downward on terrestrial bodies than the globules of the air-aether because it has more agitation.

The air-aether globules, in turn, have more force than the physical air that they carry along with them for a similar reason.

Hence, gravity alone cannot easily estimate how much terrestrial matter is contained in each body.

It is also possible that, for example, even though

A mass of gold weighs 20 times more than an equal volume of water.

It may not contain 4 or 5 times more terrestrial matter. This is because the same amount must be subtracted from both due to the air in which they are weighed.

Additionally, in the water itself, as in all other liquid bodies, there is buoyancy due to the motion of its particles relative to hard bodies.

Why bodies do not gravitate in their natural places.

[4.026] There is a circular motion in every movement of bodies that move together.

No body falls due to its gravity unless, at the same moment, another body of equal size and less gravity rises.

Hence, in vessels, no lower drops of water or other liquid press against those above, nor do individual parts of the bottom press unless they are opposed by as many drops as there are vertically above them.

For example, in vessel ABC, the drop of water 1 is not pressed by the drops 2, 3, 4 above it. This is because, if they were to fall, other drops like 5, 6, 7 would have to ascend in their place, which, being equally heavy, hinder their descent.

However, these drops 1, 2, 3, 4, by joining forces, press against the part of the bottom B. This is because, if they cause it to descend, they themselves will also descend.

The parts of the air 8, 9, which are lighter than them, will ascend in their place.

But the same part B of the vessel is not pressed by more drops than these 1, 2, 3, 4 or others equivalent to them because, at the moment when this part B can descend, not more drops can follow.

Hence, numerous experiments on the gravity, or rather, if one may say so, the gravitation of bodies, which seem miraculous to those who poorly understand philosophy, can be easily explained.

Gravity presses bodies downward toward the center of the Earth.

[4.027] The air-aether particles have various motions at the same time. But all their actions so conspire and oppose each other.

Moreover, the masses of the Earth obstruct their motion, they all equally tend to move away from it and are as if removed from its center, unless some external cause establishes diversity in this matter.

How Does Light Move Air Particles?

[4.028] The force of the light from the Sun and stars spread to all parts of the sky.

The sun’s rays interact with the particles of Earth in various ways.

These rays exert a certain straight-line pressure from the Sun to the Earth.

This pressure is not applied uniformly to all particles of the Earth-aether in the upper region of the Earth.

This creates various motions in these particles.

For example, if AB is an Earth-element particle in the upper region of the Earth, leaning towards another particle C, and with many other particles like D, E, F interspersed between them.

These intervening particles may hinder the Sun’s rays G, G from pressing on the extremity B but not on A.

Thus, the extremity A will be depressed, and B will be raised.

These particles constantly change their positions. Shortly afterwards, they will be opposed to the Sun’s rays tending toward A, but not to those tending toward B.

Consequently, the extremity A will rise again, and B will be depressed. The same happens with all Earth particles reached by the Sun’s light, and hence, all are moved by the light.

Regarding the fourth, which is heat, what it is, and how it persists after light is removed.

[4.029] This agitation of terrestrial particles, whether originating from light or any other cause, is called heat, especially when it is greater than usual and affects the senses.

The designation of heat is related to the sense of touch. It should be noted that each of these terrestrial particles, once set in motion, persists in its motion according to the laws of nature until it is stopped by some other cause.

Therefore, heat originating from light continues to exist for some time after the light is removed.

Why heat penetrates deeper than light.

[4.030] Furthermore, it should be noted that the terrestrial particles, impelled by the Sun’s rays, agitate others nearby to which these rays do not reach.

These, in turn, agitate others, and so on. Since the entire half of the Earth is always illuminated by the Sun, so many of these particles are set in motion that, although light remains on the first opaque surface, heat generated by it must penetrate to the innermost parts of the middle region of the Earth.

Why it rarefies almost all bodies.

[4.031] These terrestrial particles, when agitated by more than usual heat, cannot be contained in the usual narrow space, as when they are at rest or less in motion.

This is because they have irregular shapes, occupying less space when connected in a certain way and at rest than when they are continually moving and separating. Thus, heat rarefies almost all terrestrial bodies, but to varying degrees depending on the arrangement and shape of the particles they consist of.