https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/ Recent content in The Constitution on Superphysics Hugo en Thu, 21 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-01/ Thu, 21 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-01/ <p>If you were to pluck the constitutions of the United States, India, Germany, South Africa, and Japan off the shelf and lay them side by side, they would appear wildly different.</p> https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-02/ Sun, 30 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-02/ <p>In Supersociology, the Constitution defines the oversoul of a society.</p> <h3 id="1-preamble-and-national-principles">1. Preamble and National Principles</h3> <ul> <li>The National Motto and Seal</li> <li>State Principles and State Religion (if applicable)</li> <li>Supremacy Clause: The Constitution as the Supreme Law of the Land</li> </ul> <h3 id="2-national-territory-and-sovereignty">2. National Territory and Sovereignty</h3> <ul> <li>Definition of Terrestrial, Fluvial, Maritime, and Aerial Domains</li> <li>Archipelagic Doctrine and Baseline Laws</li> </ul> <h3 id="3-declaration-of-principles-and-state-policies">3. Declaration of Principles and State Policies</h3> <ul> <li>The State as a Democratic and Republican Entity</li> <li>Supremacy of Civilian Authority over the Military</li> <li>Right of the People to Information and Transparency Mandate</li> </ul> <h3 id="4-bill-of-rights-see-volume-ii-for-full-text-here-retained-as-constitutional-text">4. Bill of Rights (See Volume II for full text, here retained as Constitutional text)</h3> <ul> <li>Due Process and Equal Protection</li> <li>Freedom of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Redress of Grievances</li> <li>Protection Against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures</li> </ul> https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-03/ Sun, 30 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-03/ <h2 id="chapter-5-the-legislative-department">Chapter 5: The Legislative Department</h2> <ul> <li>Composition, Terms of Office, and Qualifications</li> <li>Legislative Privileges (Immunity from Arrest, Speech and Debate Clause)</li> <li>The Lawmaking Process: First Reading to Presidential Veto Override</li> </ul> <h2 id="chapter-6-the-executive-department">Chapter 6: The Executive Department</h2> <ul> <li>Qualifications, Succession, and Presidential Line of Succession</li> <li>Emergency Powers and Commander-in-Chief Clause</li> <li>Pardoning Power and Amnesty</li> </ul> <h2 id="chapter-7-the-judicial-department">Chapter 7: The Judicial Department</h2> <ul> <li>Hierarchy of Courts and Judicial Power</li> <li>Judicial Independence and Security of Tenure</li> <li>Rule-Making Power of the Supreme Court</li> </ul> <h2 id="chapter-8-fiscal-autonomy-and-constitutional-commissions">Chapter 8: Fiscal Autonomy and Constitutional Commissions</h2> <ul> <li>Civil Service Commission: The Merit System</li> <li>Commission on Elections: Plebiscites, Initiatives, and Referendums</li> <li>Commission on Audit: Post-Audit and Disallowance Procedures</li> </ul> https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-04/ Sun, 30 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-04/ <h2 id="9-inherent-rights-and-liberty">9: Inherent Rights and Liberty</h2> <ul> <li>Right to Life, Liberty, and Personal Security</li> <li>Right to Human Dignity and Bodily Integrity</li> </ul> <h2 id="10-civil-and-political-rights">10: Civil and Political Rights</h2> <ul> <li>The Right to Vote and Participate in Public Affairs (Universal Suffrage)</li> <li>Prohibition of Torture, Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment</li> <li>Liberty of Movement and the Right to Travel</li> </ul> <h2 id="11-economic-social-and-cultural-rights">11: Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights</h2> <ul> <li>Right to Work, Just Conditions, and a Living Wage</li> <li>Right to Adequate Housing, Food, and Continuous Improvement of Living Standards</li> </ul> <h2 id="12-rights-of-vulnerable-populations">12: Rights of Vulnerable Populations</h2> <ul> <li>Women’s Rights and Anti-Discrimination Acts (Anti-Catcalling, Gender Equality in the Workplace)</li> <li>Children’s Rights and Juvenile Justice System</li> <li>Indigenous Peoples’ Rights to Ancestral Domain and Cultural Integrity</li> <li>Rights of Persons with Disabilities</li> </ul> <h2 id="13-accountability-and-remedies">13: Accountability and Remedies</h2> <ul> <li>Writs of <em>Amparo</em>, <em>Habeas Data</em>, and <em>Habeas Corpus</em></li> <li>Mandatory Human Rights Impact Assessments</li> <li>Establishment and Jurisdiction of the National Human Rights Institution</li> </ul> <h2 id="14-preliminary-provisions-and-conflict-of-laws">14: Preliminary Provisions and Conflict of Laws</h2> <ul> <li>Effectivity of Laws, Ignorance of the Law, and Retroactivity</li> <li>Rules on Personal Law vs. Territorial Law (Nationality Principle, <em>Lex Rei Sitae</em>)</li> </ul> <h2 id="15-persons-and-family-relations">15: Persons and Family Relations</h2> <ul> <li>Civil Personality: Birth, Presumptive Death, and Absence</li> <li>Marriage: Requisites, Void and Voidable Marriages, Annulment vs. Declaration of Nullity</li> <li>Divorce, Legal Separation, and Dissolution of Property Regimes</li> <li>Support and Parental Authority (Surname, Custody, Legitimacy)</li> </ul> <h2 id="16-property-law">16: Property Law</h2> <ul> <li>Classification of Property: Movable/Immovable and Public/Private Domain</li> <li>Ownership and Nuisance: Accession, Hidden Treasure, Easements</li> <li>Co-ownership: Partition and Rights of First Refusal</li> <li>Quieting of Title and Accion Publiciana/Reivindicatoria</li> </ul> <h2 id="17-wills-and-succession">17: Wills and Succession</h2> <ul> <li>Testamentary vs. Intestate Succession</li> <li>Notarial Wills vs. Holographic Wills</li> <li>Legitime (Compulsory Heirs) and Rights of Surviving Spouse</li> <li>Disinheritance: Causes and Formal Requirements</li> </ul> <h2 id="18-obligations-and-contracts">18: Obligations and Contracts</h2> <ul> <li>Sources of Obligations: Law, Quasi-Contract, Delict, and Quasi-Delict</li> <li>Essential Requisites of Contracts: Consent, Object, and Cause</li> <li>Defective Contracts: Rescissible, Voidable, Unenforceable, and Void</li> <li>Specific Contracts: Sale, Lease, Agency, Loan, Deposit, Mortgage, and Antichresis</li> </ul> https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-06/ Sun, 30 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-06/ <h2 id="22-pre-employment-and-conditions-of-work">22: Pre-Employment and Conditions of Work</h2> <ul> <li>Recruitment and Placement (Local and Overseas); Prohibition of &ldquo;Labor-Only Contracting&rdquo;</li> <li>Apprentices and Learners Programs</li> <li>Minimum Wage Fixing Mechanism; Wage Boards</li> </ul> <h2 id="23-working-conditions-and-rest-day">23: Working Conditions and Rest Day</h2> <ul> <li>Hours of Work: Overtime, Night Shift Differential, Premium Pay</li> <li>Holiday Pay, Service Incentive Leaves, and Service Charges</li> </ul> <h2 id="24-collective-bargaining-and-industrial-peace">24: Collective Bargaining and Industrial Peace</h2> <ul> <li>Right to Self-Organization and Unfair Labor Practices (ULPs)</li> <li>Grievance Machinery and Voluntary Arbitration</li> <li>Strikes, Lockouts, and Assumption of Jurisdiction Powers</li> </ul> <h2 id="25-occupational-safety-and-health-osh">25: Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)</h2> <ul> <li>General Duty Clause; Workplace Preventive Services</li> <li>Reporting and Investigation of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses</li> </ul> https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-05/ Sun, 30 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-05/ <h2 id="19-corporate-formation-and-personality">19: Corporate Formation and Personality</h2> <ul> <li>Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws</li> <li>Doctrine of Corporate Entity and Piercing the Corporate Veil</li> <li>Nationality Rules and Anti-Dummy Laws</li> </ul> <h2 id="20-corporate-governance">20: Corporate Governance</h2> <ul> <li>Board of Directors: Independent Directors, Fiduciary Duty, and Business Judgment Rule</li> <li>Stockholders’ Meetings and Derivative Suits</li> <li>Minority Shareholder Protection and Appraisal Rights</li> </ul> <h2 id="21-securities-and-insolvency">21: Securities and Insolvency</h2> <ul> <li>Public Offerings and Insider Trading Regulations</li> <li>Mergers, Consolidations, and Tender Offers</li> <li>Corporate Rehabilitation (Court-Supervised vs. Pre-Negotiated) and Liquidation</li> </ul> https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-07/ Sun, 30 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.superphysics.org/social/supersociology/principles/part-2/chapter-05/section-02/unit-07/ <h2 id="26-decentralization-and-devolution">26: Decentralization and Devolution</h2> <ul> <li>Structure of Autonomous Regions, Provinces, Cities, Municipalities, and Barangays</li> <li>Inter-Local Government Cooperation and Metro-Manila Development Models</li> </ul> <h2 id="27-powers-and-functions-of-local-units">27: Powers and Functions of Local Units</h2> <ul> <li>Police Power, Eminent Domain, and Local Taxation Powers</li> <li>Reclassification of Lands and Zoning Ordinances</li> <li>The Sanggunian: Enactment of Ordinances, Local Initiatives, and Recall</li> </ul> <h2 id="28-fiscal-autonomy-and-shares">28: Fiscal Autonomy and Shares</h2> <ul> <li>Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) Formula</li> <li>Indebtedness, Budgeting, and Procurement at the Local Level</li> <li>Real Property Assessment and Taxation</li> </ul>