Transcendental Doctrine of Method on Superphysics

Transcendental Doctrine of Method

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The Transcendental Doctrine of Elements examined the materials of the abstract human mind.

The Discipline of Pure Reason in Dogmatism

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SECTION I. The Discipline of Pure Reason in the Sphere of Dogmatism

The science of mathematics is the most brilliant example of the extension of pure reason without the aid of experience.

Space and Time

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Superphysics Note!

We replace a priori with confined-to-mind, conceptions with active knowings, and intuition with passive knowing

The pure form of phenomena is space and time.

The Twofold Exercise of Reason

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There is thus a twofold exercise of reason.

Both modes have the properties of imposition and a confined-to-mind origin.

But procedurally, they very different.

This is because the real world has 2 main elements:

Definitions

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I. Definitions

A definition is the primary representation of the complete active-knowing of a thing within its own limits.*

Accordingly, a sense-based active-knowing cannot be defined. It can only be explained.

Axioms

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Axioms

In so far as they are immediately certain, axioms are within-the-mind active-thinking principles.

One conception cannot be connected synthetically and yet immediately with another because, if we wish to proceed out of and beyond a conception, a third mediating cognition is necessary.

Demonstrations

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Demonstrations

Only an apodeictic proof, based on intuition, can be termed a demonstration.

Experience teaches us what is. But it cannot convince us that it might not have been otherwise.

The Discipline of Pure Reason in Polemics

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Reason must be subject, in all its operations, to criticism.

Criticism must always be permitted to exercise its functions without restraint.*

Superphysics Note!

This is a key difference between Eastern and Western philosophy. Asian philosophy restrains criticism because of the hierarchy of the 5 Elements. It would be absurd for the naturally-lower to criticize the naturally-higher. But the West does not know the 5 Elements or even the hierarchy in Nature. And so they resolve things by criticism. This is because the higher always wins in the end, and is why it is naturally-higher.

Otherwise its interests are imperilled and its influence obnoxious to suspicion.

Scepticism is not a Permanent State for Human Reason

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All ignorance is either:

The Discipline of Pure Reason in Hypothesis

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This critique of reason has now taught us that all its efforts to extend the bounds of knowledge, by means of pure speculation, are utterly fruitless.

So much the wider field, it may appear, lies open to hypothesis; as, where we cannot know with certainty, we are at liberty to make guesses and to form suppositions.

The Discipline of Pure Reason in Relation to Proofs

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In the proofs of transcendental synthetical propositions, reason does not apply its conceptions directly to an object. Instead, it is first obliged to prove, a priori:

The Canon of Pure Reason

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Human reason:

is incompetent to discover truth by means of pure speculation.
needs discipline to:
- check its deviations from the straight path and
- expose the illusions which it originates.

But, on the other hand, this consideration ought to elevate and to give it confidence, for this discipline is exercised by itself alone, and it is subject to the censure of no other power. The bounds, moreover, which it is forced to set to its speculative exercise, form likewise a check upon the fallacious pretensions of opponents; and thus what remains of its possessions, after these exaggerated claims have been disallowed, is secure from attack or usurpation.

Opinion, Knowledge, and Belief

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The holding of a thing to be true is a phenomenon in our understanding which may rest on objective grounds, but requires, also, subjective causes in the mind of the person judging. If a judgement is valid for every rational being, then its ground is objectively sufficient, and it is termed a conviction. If, on the other hand, it has its ground in the particular character of the subject, it is termed a persuasion.

The Architectonic of Pure Reason

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“Architectonic” means the art of constructing a system.

Without systematic unity, our knowledge cannot become science; it will be an aggregate, and not a system. Thus architectonic is the doctrine of the scientific in cognition, and therefore necessarily forms part of our methodology.

The History of Pure Reason

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This title is placed here merely for the purpose of designating a division of the system of pure reason of which I do not intend to treat at present. I shall content myself with casting a cursory glance, from a purely transcendental point of view—that of the nature of pure reason—on the labours of philosophers up to the present time.

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SECTION II. Of the Ideal of the Summum Bonum as a Determining Ground of the Ultimate End of Pure Reason.

Reason conducted us, in its speculative use, through the field of experience and, as it can never find complete satisfaction in that sphere, from thence to speculative ideas—which, however, in the end brought us back again to experience, and thus fulfilled the purpose of reason, in a manner which, though useful, was not at all in accordance with our expectations. It now remains for us to consider whether pure reason can be employed in a practical sphere, and whether it will here conduct us to those ideas which attain the highest ends of pure reason, as we have just stated them. We shall thus ascertain whether, from the point of view of its practical interest, reason may not be able to supply us with that which, on the speculative side, it wholly denies us.